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django类视图

发表于 更新于 分类于 阅读次数： Valine：

说明

  • 上一篇文章django-admin 主要介绍了利用admin创建用户，然后结合模板、html等实现了增删改查，本次介绍使用类视图来优化

登录的优化

  • 根目录的url，用系统自带的视图
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urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('accounts/logout/', LogoutView.as_view(next_page='/login/'), name='logout'),
    path('accounts/login/', LoginView.as_view(template_name='login.html'), name='login'),

]

  • setting加入了登录、退出登录的url
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# 指定登录URL
LOGIN_URL = '/accounts/login/'

# 指定注销后重定向的URL
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = '/login/'

# 指定登录后重定向的URL
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/book/'

书籍列表

  • 看下应用下的url优化
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urlpatterns = [
    path('book/', BookList.as_view(), name='book_list'),
    path('book/add/', BookAdd.as_view(), name='book_add'),
    path('book/edit/<int:pk>/', BookEdit.as_view(), name='book_edit'),
    path('book/<int:pk>/', BookDetail.as_view(), name='book_detail'),
    path('book/delete/<int:pk>/', BookDelete.as_view(), name='book_delete'),  # 新增删除路径
]
  • vew代码
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lass BookList(LoginRequiredMixin, ListView):
    model = Book
    template_name = 'index.html'
    context_object_name = 'latest_book_list'
    paginate_by = 5

    def get_queryset(self):
        title = self.request.GET.get("title", "")
        if title:
            return Book.objects.filter(title__contains=title).order_by("-pub_date")
        else:
            return Book.objects.order_by("-pub_date")

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['search_term'] = self.request.GET.get("title", "")
        return context
  • 使用了LoginRequiredMixin登录视图
  • get_queryset 返回列表，get_context_data返回具体字段

新增书籍

  • 具体view代码
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class BookAdd(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView):
    model = Book
    # fields = ['title', 'price']
    form_class = BookForm

    template_name = 'add.html'
    success_url = reverse_lazy('book_list')
    # 默认实现了 form_valid()  简单重定向至 success_url
    def form_valid(self, form):
        book = form.save(commit=False)
        book.pub_date = now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
        book.save()
        return super().form_valid(form)
  • html文件
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{% extends "base_generic.html" %}

{% block content %}
<h2>Add New Book</h2>
<form method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button type="submit">Save changes</button>
</form>
<a href="{% url 'book_list' %}">Back to list</a>
{% endblock %}

  • form.as_p 直接根据BookForm 生成了表单内容

  • url进行了修改，之前是跳转到add的html界面，然后提交form表单，现在可以一步完成

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# path('event/add/', EventAdd.as_view(), name='event_add'),
  path('book/add/', BookAdd.as_view(), name='book_add'),

删除

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lass BookDelete(LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin, DeleteView):
    """
    权限控制：UserPassesTestMixin 允许你在视图级别进行自定义权限检查。
    """
    model = Book
    template_name = 'delete.html'
    success_url = reverse_lazy('book_list')
    #     test_func: 这是 UserPassesTestMixin 要求实现的方法，用于定义具体的权限检查逻辑。如果 test_func 返回 True，则允许用户访问视图；否则，返回 False 并抛出 PermissionDenied 异常。
    def test_func(self):
        book = self.get_object()
        # 确保只有书籍的所有者或管理员才能删除书籍
        return self.request.user.is_superuser or self.request.user == book.owner

编辑

  • view
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class BookEdit(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView):
    model = Book
    form_class = BookForm

    template_name = 'edit.html'
    success_url = reverse_lazy('book_list')

    def form_valid(self, form):
        book = form.save(commit=False)
        book.pub_date = now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
        book.save()
        return super().form_valid(form)
  • html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>编辑</title>
</head>
<body>
{% extends "base_generic.html" %}

{% block content %}
<h2>Edit Book</h2>
<form method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button type="submit">Save changes</button>
</form>
<a href="{% url 'book_list' %}">Back to list</a>
{% endblock %}

</body>
</html>